Telaah: Pengaruh Boswellic Acid pada performa Hippocampus di otak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24233/sribios.4.1.2023.387Kata Kunci:
boswellic acid , β-boswellic , hippocampus , frankincense gumAbstrak
Getah kemenyan dengan genus Boswellia telah lama digunakan secara tradisional pada beberapa penyakit. Kandungan Boswellia salah satunya adalah asam boswellic. Asam boswellic memiliki aktivitas neuroprotektif dan antiinflamasi. Beberapa jenis asam boswellic yang paling banyak diteliti mengenai efek farmakologi adalah asam 11-keto-β-boswelik (KBA), asam asetil-11-keto-β-boswellik (AKBA), dan β-boswelik (βBA). βBA diteliti memiliki efektivitas permeabel terhadap Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) dibandingkan jenis asam boswellic lainnya. Oleh karena itu, βBA memiliki potensi yang lebih besar dalam pengaruhnya pada otak terutama hippocampus. Review ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi lengkap dan membahas mengenai pengaruh boswellic acid pada performa hippocampus di otak terutama efek pada fungsi kognitif, efek farmakologis pada studi in vivo dan invitro, serta mekanisme molekuler sehingga diharapkan dapat menjadi pengetahuan sebagai acuan dalam melakukan penelitian lanjutan. Pemberian asam boswellic memberikan efek neuroprotektif dan antiinflamasi pada hippocampus sehingga dapat bekerja menghambat apoptosis sel di hippocampus, meningkatkan viabilitas sel saraf, dan meningkatkan kemampuan learning dan memori serta kognitif melalui anti-infalamasi. Beberapa mekanisme molekuler asam boswellic yang dapat mempengaruhi performa hippocampus adalah 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), peningkatan Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), penekanan aktifitas acetylcholinesterase (AChE), dan pengaturan Ca (2+/-) dan protein kinase teraktivasi mitogen (MAPK). Akan tetapi, penelitian mengenai pengaruh boswellic acid pada performa hippocampus masih sangat terbatas dan perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terutama pada manusia.
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